What is Lymphedema?
Lymphedema is a build-up of lymph fluid in the fatty tissues just under your skin. This build-up causes swelling and discomfort.
It often happens in the arms or legs, but can also happen in the face, neck, trunk, abdomen (belly), and genitals.
It's important to know that lymphedema can sometimes become severe and cause serious problems, and often is a long-term or chronic condition.
This is why early and careful management is needed to help reduce symptoms and keep it from getting worse.
What is the lymph system?
The lymph (or lymphatic) system is part of your body's immune system.
It is made up of lymph fluid, lymph nodes and lymph vessels.
Lymph nodes work to block infection by filtering out toxins and germs.
Lymph vessels are the transit system that lymph fluid travels along.
Lymph fluid circulates through the body and helps to fight infection.
Lymph vessels or ducts have one-way valves that work with body muscles to help move the fluid through the body.
Lymph nodes are located in many parts of the body, including the neck, armpit, chest, abdomen (belly), and groin.
When the lymphatic system is faulty or has been damaged, fluid may collect in the tissues and this build up can cause swelling or other effects that could be the early signs of lymphedema.
How does Lymphedema start?
There are two types of lymphedema: primary lymphedema and secondary lymphedema.
Primary Lymphedema:
Some people are born with a faulty lymphatic system; it may be inherited or can occur as the fetus develops. When lymphedema is caused by a defect of the lymphatic system, it is called primary lymphedema. It may be present at birth, develop when puberty begins or in adulthood.
Primary lymphedema is a lifelong condition with no known cure at this time. Ongoing management and care is the key to the best quality of life with primary lymphedema.
Secondary Lymphedema:
Other people develop lymphedema due to an event that damages or blocks part of their lymphatic system. In this case, it is called secondary lymphedema.
The most common cause of secondary lymphedema is the result of treatment for some cancers (breast, cervical, prostate and melanoma). Cancer surgery may remove or damage lymph vessels and nodes. Radiation therapy for cancer may also cause lymph vessel and node damage. Other causes of damage to the lymphatic system include trauma caused by an accident, general surgery, injury or a burn.